glBlendFunc — specify pixel arithmetic
void glBlendFunc (GLenum sfactor,
GLenum dfactor);
Specifies how the red, green, blue, and alpha source blending factors are computed. The following symbolic constants are accepted:
GL_ZERO, GL_ONE, GL_SRC_COLOR, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR, GL_DST_COLOR,
GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_COLOR, GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA, GL_DST_ALPHA,
GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA, GL_CONSTANT_COLOR, GL_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_COLOR,
GL_CONSTANT_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_ALPHA, and GL_SRC_ALPHA_SATURATE.
The initial value is GL_ONE.
Specifies how the red, green, blue, and alpha destination blending factors are computed. The following symbolic constants are accepted:
GL_ZERO, GL_ONE, GL_SRC_COLOR, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR, GL_DST_COLOR,
GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_COLOR, GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA, GL_DST_ALPHA,
GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA, GL_CONSTANT_COLOR, GL_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_COLOR,
GL_CONSTANT_ALPHA, and GL_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_ALPHA. The initial value is GL_ZERO.
In RGBA mode, pixels can be drawn using a function that blends the incoming (source) RGBA values with the RGBA values that are already in
the frame buffer (the destination values). Blending is initially disabled. Use glEnable and glDisable with
argument GL_BLEND to enable and disable blending.
glBlendFunc defines the operation of blending when it is enabled. sfactor specifies which method is used to scale the source color components. dfactor specifies which method is used to scale the destination color components. The possible methods are described in the following table. Each method defines four scale factors, one each for red, green, blue, and alpha. In the table and in subsequent equations, source and destination color components are referred to as (Rs, Gs, Bs, As) and (Rd, Gd, Bd, Ad). The color specified by glBlendColor is referred to as (Rc, Gc, Bc, Ac). They are understood to have integer values between 0 and (kR, kG, kB, kA), where kc=2mc-1 and (mR, mG, mB, mA) is the number of red, green, blue, and alpha bitplanes.
Source and destination scale factors are referred to as (sR, sG, sB, sA) and (dR, dG, dB, dA). The scale factors described in the table, denoted (fR, fG, fB, fA), represent either source or destination factors. All scale factors have range [0, 1].
| Parameter | (fR, fG, fB, fA) |
|---|---|
GL_ZERO | (0, 0, 0, 0) |
GL_ONE | (1, 1, 1, 1) |
GL_SRC_COLOR |
(Rs/kR, Gs/kG, Bs/kB, As/kA) |
GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR |
(1, 1, 1, 1) - (Rs/kR, Gs/kG, Bs/kB, As/kA) |
GL_DST_COLOR |
(Rd/kR, Gd/kG, Bd/kB, Ad/kA) |
GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_COLOR |
(1, 1, 1, 1) - (Rd/kR, Gd/kG, Bd/kB, Ad/kA) |
GL_SRC_ALPHA |
(As/kA, As/kA, As/kA, As/kA) |
GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA |
(1, 1, 1, 1) - (As/kA, As/kA, As/kA, As/kA) |
GL_DST_ALPHA |
(Ad/kA, Ad/kA, Ad/kA, Ad/kA) |
GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA |
(1, 1, 1, 1) - (Ad/kA, Ad/kA, Ad/kA, Ad/kA) |
GL_CONSTANT_COLOR |
(Rc, Gc, Bc, Ac) |
GL_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_COLOR |
(1, 1, 1, 1) - (Rc, Gc, Bc, Ac) |
GL_CONSTANT_ALPHA |
(Ac, Ac, Ac, Ac) |
GL_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_ALPHA |
(1, 1, 1, 1) - (Ac, Ac, Ac, Ac) |
GL_SRC_ALPHA_SATURATE |
(i, i, i, 1) |
In the table, i = min (As,kA-Ad) / kA
To determine the blended RGBA values of a pixel when drawing in RGBA mode, the system uses the following equations:
Rd = min (RssR+RddR Gd = min (GssG+GddG Bd = min (BssB+BddB Ad = min (AssA+AddA
Despite the apparent precision of the above equations, blending arithmetic is not exactly specified, because blending operates with
imprecise integer color values. However, a blend factor that should be equal to 1 is guaranteed not to modify its multiplicand, and a
blend factor equal to 0 reduces its multiplicand to 0. For example, when sfactor is GL_SRC_ALPHA,
dfactor is GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA, As is equal to kA, the equations reduce to simple
replacement:
Rd=Rs Gd=Gs Bd=Bs Ad=As
Transparency is best implemented using blend function (GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA) with primitives
sorted from farthest to nearest. Note that this transparency calculation does not require the presence of alpha bitplanes in
the frame buffer.
Blend function (GL_SRC_ALPHA, GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA) is also useful for rendering antialiased points and lines
in arbitrary order.
Polygon antialiasing is optimized using blend function (GL_SRC_ALPHA_SATURATE, GL_ONE) with polygons sorted
from nearest to farthest. (See the glEnable, glDisable reference page and the
GL_POLYGON_SMOOTH argument for information on polygon antialiasing.) Destination alpha bitplanes, which must be present
for this blend function to operate correctly, store the accumulated coverage.
Incoming (source) alpha is correctly thought of as a material opacity, ranging from 1.0 (KA), representing complete opacity, to 0.0 (0), representing complete transparency.
When more than one color buffer is enabled for drawing, the GL performs blending separately for each enabled buffer, using the contents of that buffer for destination color. (See glDrawBuffer.)
Blending affects only RGBA rendering. It is ignored by color index renderers.
GL_CONSTANT_COLOR, GL_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_COLOR, GL_CONSTANT_ALPHA,
GL_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_ALPHA are available only if the GL version is 1.4 or greater or if the ARB_imaging is
supported by your implementation.
GL_SRC_COLOR and GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR are valid only for sfactor if the GL version is 1.4 or
greater.
GL_DST_COLOR and GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_COLOR are valid only for dfactor if the GL version is 1.4 or
greater.
GL_INVALID_ENUM is generated if either sfactor or dfactor is not an accepted value.
GL_INVALID_OPERATION is generated if glBlendFunc is executed between the execution of glBegin
and the corresponding execution of glEnd.
glGet with argument GL_BLEND_SRC
glGet with argument GL_BLEND_DST
glIsEnabled with argument GL_BLEND
glAlphaFunc, glBlendColor, glBlendEquation, glBlendFuncSeparate, glClear, glDrawBuffer, glEnable, glLogicOp, glStencilFunc